Planoohaph co



R. G. COATES.

COLLAPSIBLE CORE FOR INGOT MOLDS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4, l9l 9.

Patented Aug. 26, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET I.

THE COLUMBIA PLANOBRAPN (0., WASHINGTON. D. C.

R. G. COATES.

COLLAPSIBLE CORE FOR INGOT MOLDS.

APPLIQATION FILED APR. 4. I919.

Patented Aug; 26, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2- R. G. COMES.

COLLAPSIBLE CORE FOR INGOT MOLDS.

' APPLICATION FILED APR. 4. me. 1,313,983. Patented Aug. 26, 1919.

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0" fig- 1 25 (9 R. G. COATES.

CQLLVWSIBLE cone FOR INGOT MOLDS.

APPLICATION FILED APR-4' I919.

Patented Aug. 26, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4- R. G. COMES.

COLLAPSIBLE CORE FOR INGOT MOLDS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4. l9l9.

Patented Aug. 26, 1919.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- 3114 uc "I01 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAY G. COATES, OF PASADENA, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO VALLEY MOULD AND IRON CORPORATION, OF SHARPSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COLLAPSIBLE CORE FOR INGOT-MOLDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 26, 1919.

Application filed April 4, 1919. Serial No. 287,463.

To all whom it may concern:

B it known that I, RAY G. Coa'rns, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Pasadena, in the county of L0 Angeles, tate of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in C01- lapsible Cores for Ingot-Molds, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates broadly to metallurgy and more specifically to a collapsible core for large castings.

The principal object of the present invention is the production of an e'tlicient large collapsible core for use in making ingot molds.

A further object of the present invention is a collapsible core of the character specified wherein the joints liable to be filled with sand are construct-ed to expand or enlarge when the core is collapsed thereby obviating the necessity of crushing baked sand.

A still further object of the present invention is a colla ')s-ible core of the character specified and adapted to be rigid when positioned on either end and to be capable of being transported and moved without breaking the sand facing which covers the core when ready for use.

A still further and important object of the present invention is a core of the character specified wherein the core is adapted to remain rigid against ferrostatic or similar forces, and to collapse automatically when the contraction forces of the surrounding metal exceed a predetermined amount.

A still further and important object of the present invention is a collapsible core of the character specified comprising a body portion and hinged collapsible sides, operably supported by means adapted to yield when predetermined forces are presented against the said sides, which forces exceed the ferrostatic forces to which the core is adapted to be subjected when the molten metal is poured around the core.

A more specific object of the present invention is a collapsible core adapted to be supported by weighted Wedges with the augles of the wedges predetermined in such manner that the maximum ferrostatic forces acting on the wedges are less than the forces necessary to raise the wedges and with the angles so disposed that the contractual forces due to the contraction of the metal around the core may be sutlicient to cause the wedges to rise and to relieve the pressure against the said core member.

Another object of the present invention is a collapsible core constructed in such manner that different portions of the core reccde from the casting at diil'erent times so that the forces to loosen the different portions of the core are considerably less than the total force required to remove the core, whereby the core is removed by successively acting relatively small forces.

A still further object of the present invention is a collapsible core of the character specified wherein one control member is provided and interlocked with the several elements of the core so that the core may be carried in collapsed position by lifting upon the control member, or the core may be carried in extended position, by lifting on the body portion, without danger of the parts loosening to break the sand coating over the facingor joints of the core.

A still further and important object of the present invention is a collapsible core of the character specified wherein a single control member is adapted to control a plurality of wedge devices and is constructed in such manner that the weight of the member retains the wedges in engagement with the parts in extended position when the core is standing on one end and the weight of the body of the core is adapted to maintain the parts in extended position when the core is standing on the other end.

A still further and important object of the present invention is a collapsible core ot the character specified wherein the several parts are constructed in such manner that gravity acts to maintain the core in extended position when the core stands on either end.

This in vcution possesses many other and ad- 'antageous iloaturcs, some of which, together with the foregoing, will be set out more at length in the 'lollowing description wherein will be outlined in full that form of the invention which I have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming a part of the present specification.

In the drawings and specification I have described only the preferred form of my generic invention and it is to be understood that I do not limit myself thereto hocan e my invention may be embodied in a multiplicity of forms, each being a species of my invention, it being understood by the claims succeeding the description of my invention that I desire to cover the invention in whatsoever form it may be embodied or practised.

In the drawings like parts are represented by like characters throughout the several figures thereof.

Figurel is a front elevational view of the core. 5

Fig. 2 core.

Fig. 3 is a view of one end of the core adapted to comprise the base of the core when the taper of the core extends downwardly.

Fig. a is a view of the opposite end of the core and comprises the top of the core when the taper extends downwardly as in Fig. 3.

Fig. '5 is a sectional view taken on line A'A Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a B'B Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a (3-0 Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a D-D Fig. 1.

9 is a E-E Fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one side of the collapsible core and showing a side link disconnected therefrom.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the body of the collapsible core.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the other is a side elevational view of the sectional View taken on line sectional view taken on line sectional view taken on line sectional view taken on line collapsible side and showing the connecting links disconnected from the side.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the control member.

Fig. 1% illustrates the carrying hook and locking plug.

Fig. 15 illustrates a stripping hook.

In casting large hollow castings, a core in the mold is necessary to form the desired cavity in the casting. This core requires to be well vented in order to get rid of the gases generated in the core sand from moisture, from burnt facings used on the core, and from any chemical reactions that may result from the high temperature of the operation of the casting. Where the casting is a single one, the core may be made in many ways Well known in this art. here, however, many large castings are made from the same pattern, it is customary to make an iron core and on this, by various practices, place the sand that actually comes in contact with the fluid metal. The metallic core thus supports the sand and economizes in the amount of it used, and through its joints and special openings the gases find a ready vent fro-1n the hot sand to the atmosphere. The core may be a rigid casting. This is entirely proper when a large amount of draft is permissible so that it may be readily Withdrawn from the casting when the latter has set. The less the draft the greater the strain to remove a solid core, and when the axis of the core and the surfaces between it and the sand are nearly parallel the force required to separate it from the sand becomes very great. The heat of the fluid metal tends to bake or slightly vitrify the clay element in the sand as well as the clay of the clay wash which is put over thecore so that the sand will adhere to it. Further, as soon as the metal sets the shrinkage of the castingsqueezes the sand and core together, resulting in a heavy frictional resistance against their separation. It will be noted that the rupture of the baked covering due to the heat upon the sand, and the starting of the movement of the core against the frictional resistance due to contraction of the cast metal, come at the same instant and represent a very high initial maximum resistance. Thus a solid core withlight draft is very hard to start,

although it may HIOVQ with increasing ease 77 tion shall remain perfectly firm, otherwise the core sand will be readily shaken off from the metallic body and the built-up core combination will be a total loss. Collapsible cores frequently have narrow spaces between the members forming the surface for the sand, which are provided for the purpose of allowing the surface plates to approach each other and thus give the necessary contraction to free the metallic core from the sand. Since the sand is always rammed very firmly, it is forced into such spaces and when the mold is poured the sand is burned quite hard. No contraction can be had in such cores until this sand has been again crushed back into loose sand, and even if the backing of the plates is removed, this burned sand will lock the core nearly as firmly as if a solid core had been used in the same situation. What merit such collapsible cores have is due more to the draft than to the collapsible feature.

Such collapsible cores usually operate either by a manual removal of some supporting brace which takes away the rigidity of the parts of the core, which latter is then removed by an independent operation; or the first movement of the effort to separate the core from the casting causes the collapse of the metallic support of the surface plates of the core, which is then bodily removed by a continued movement in the same direction,

The present invention is more particularly designed to be rigid when expanded, which is the normal condition it assumes when standing on either end; to collapse by the first part of the movement which separates it from the casting; and to have a tendency to collapse automatically as the contract-ional pressure of the casting increases the pressure of the core sand upon the core. Furthermore, it is so designed that any spaces which may become filled with sand when .the core is rammed, and which are changed in dimensions by the act of collapsing, will be made larger by that act, and therefore it will be unnecessary to crush the sand in these spaces before the collapse can occur. The core is also constructed so that the adhesion of. the core sand to the core is not broken over the entire surface at the same instant, but each member of the core breaks its adherence to the sand at a moment which is not identical with that of the other members. Hence the maximum, or peak, effort required to strip the core is less than that required by cores in the known prior art. The core is so constructed that it may be used with the draft either toward the upper or the lower parts of the casting thus making the core available for several methods of work.

Preferably the core consists of a body member to which are hinged front and side members. The side member acts as a locking element against any outward movement of the front member when the latter has reached a proper limit. The axes of the hinges are preferably approximately parallel with the longitudinal axis of the core. WVhen the front member is locked against the side member, the three members form the outer surface of the metallic core. This surface is cored full of small vent holes in the customary manner for such cores. A plunger, with wedge faces, rests against the wedge faces shown on the front member in such manner that its weight forces the front member into strong contact with the side member, taking up all of the lost motion in the hinges and joints and rendering the core rigid as a Whole. The core thus furnishes a firm and safe foundation for the core sand.

teferring now more particularly to the drawings, a body portion 1' (Fig. 11) is provided on its right edge with series of hinge lugs 2 and 4 and on its left edge with a corresponding series of hinge lugs 5 and (i. The back of the body portion 1 is provided with plunger or controller guides 7 and S.

The controller guide 7 extends toward the end of the body portion and is provided with a lug 9. This lug 9 is provided with an opening 10 through which a carrying hook 11 (Fig. 14) is adapted to be inserted with safety plug 12 placed back of the hook when once in position so that the end 14 is locked beneath the lug 9 in such manner that the hook cannot be displaced accidentally and the device may be safely carried about the foundry. The end of the body portion, comprising the smaller end, is finished in such manner that this end may be used as a base 15 and preferably is hollow in order to provide for the move ment of the end of the control member as will be later pointed out.

Preferably this base 15 is under-cut as at 16, and the sides of the base are provided with openings 17 into which retaining wedges 18 (Fig. 2) may be driven through openings in the drag, or bottom plate. 15). The space over and around the retaining wedges 18 (Fig. and the under-cut portion of the body member is adapted to be filled with molding sand so that when the cast is made these members may be free for removal. Preferably the back and bottom of the body member are enforced by the angular member 20 in order to increase the strength at this point.

The side piece 21 is provided on one edge with hinge lugs and :21- which are adapted to cooperate with the hinge lugs 5 and (i on the body portionby means of suitable pintles 25, so that the side piece :21 is hinged to the edge of the body. The side piece is also provided with an extension portion .26 which extends around the corner and forms a small portion of the front of the core. A locking rib 27 is provided adjacent the edge of the extension and performs the double function of strengtheningthis edge, in order to prevent distortion due to pressure or heat, and at the same time provides the side 21 with an interlocking member as will be presently explained.

The front of the core comprises a suitable flat member 28 (Fig. 12) one edge of which is provided with hinge lugs 2f) and 30 which are adapted to cooperate through pintles 31 with the lugs 2 and 4 on the body member. ()no edge of the front member 28 is also provided with a curved rib 32 which under normal conditions interlocks with the lock ing rib 97 on the side piece 21. lVedgefaced lugs 34 and 35 are provided on the front member 28 adjacent the free edge thereof and comprise one element in the operating or controlling mechanism for the core.

The control member (Fig. 13) comprises a post or plunger 36 provided with a head 37 which is preferably Hat and of sullicient size to form a base on which the core may stand when being used with the draft of the core extending upwardly. The head 37 is provided with an opening 38 through which the carryin hook 12 may extend to reach the lug f), or into which the stripping hook (Fig. 15) may be inserted when it is desired to lift the plunger and collapse the ill! ' ment of the hook when once in position in the opening 38. The body portion of the post is provided with guide members which slide in the plunger guides 7 and 8 on the body portion '1.

Vedge-shaped members 40 and 42 are provided on the body portion and are adapted to cooperate with the wedge-faced lugs 34 and 85 on the front member 28, when the parts are assembled as shown. in Figs. 1 and 2.

A stop lug 44 is provided beneath the member 41 and is adapted to engage the under face of the lug 34 on the front member 28' when the plunger is lifted to limit the upward movement of the plunger. The bottom or lower end 45 of the plunger is likewise provided .with an opening 46 which may be used for the carrying hook when the core is utilized with the head 37 as the base on which the core stands. The lugs 34 and 35 are provided with openings 47 and 48 and the members 41 and 42 are correspondingly provided with similar cylindrical openings 49 and 50. Suitable hinge pins 51 and 5-2 are adapted respectively to fit the openings 47 to inclusive and in this manner connect the plunger and the front piece by means of the links 54 and 55. The side piece 21 is provided with an opening 56' and the front piece 28's provided with lugs 57. A side link 58 is adapted to connect the side piece 21 to the front piece 28 by the link being anchored in the opening 56 and the lugs 57 by thepintle pin 59 and the anchor pin 60. These several pins preferably are provided in the ends with openings through which cotter pins may be set in order to prevent the pintle or anchoring pins from working loose.

From the foregoing described construction it is evident that when the core is assembled it comprises an interlocked construction which is capableof a limited movement upon itself to collapse the core, but which may not be disassembled without the removal of the hinge pintles or link anchoring 1 It will be noted that the shrinkage of the casting on the core sand causes the front member to press against the wedge faces of the plunger and that the friction and weight of this latter is all that holds this front member against movement. It will also be noted that this pressure against the wedge faces results in a tendency to lift the plunger, due.

to the slope of the wedge. When the angle of these wedges is enough to allow the pressure of the front member to overcome the combined friction on the back of the plunger and on the wedge faces, a surplus of force will be left partially neutralizing the weight of the plunger, and when this surplus is greater than the weight of the plunger, the latter will rise automatically. The core may thus automatically relieve itself of too much pressure. Thus the contrac tional strains of the casting, instead of binding the combination more tightly together, as with the known cores of the prior art, may actually make the core substantially automatic in action. While, on the one hand, the frictional resistance and the weight of the plunger may be closely estimated, on the other hand, the action of the heat on the core sand is a-variable factor such that the conclusions as to this action should not be depended upon too closely. difiicult to make the core actually and safely automatic, since this variable effect of the heat on the sand may cause the core to rise too easily if the heat effects happen to be a minimum; yet it is easy to so arrange the 7 beyond this point the automatic feature may be allowed to begin its effects and thus greatly relieve the effort of stripping. It will be clear that in order to utilize the above Therefore it is effects, the angle of the wedge faces with the direction of motion of the plunger must be greater than the angle of friction (repose) of the parts in action, and enough greater to overcome the total frictions on the plunger. This is a special point in my invention.

Such an action of a weighted plunger combined with wedges having angles greater than the angle of frict on so as to utihze the contractional forces of the casting in relieving the efforts required to strip the core I regard as an important part of my invention.

The bearing surface of the side member where it presses, from the contraction of the casting, on the front member should form an angle with the line joining this surface to the hinge center of the front member which is about equal to 90 minus the angle of friction, say 80 to 82, so that the contractional strains, as manifested at this point, may tend also toward reducing the efforts required to collapse the core.

The collapsing links are loosely pinned at one .end to the plunger Wedge and at the other end to the front wedge. When the plunger is raised, the first action is to re lieve the wedge faces of any load, then the lost motion in the link connections is taken up at which point further motion begins to pull the front away from the sand. At about this point the side link connecting the front and side members has moved far enough to take up its lost motion, and further movement of the plunger carries the side member away from the sand until the plunger comes against its limit stop. The maximum movement of the front member need not be over two inches for a. core hav ing, with its sand, a cross-section of about twenty inches square, in the case of a common ingot mold.

Since the front member swings in an arc arouml its hinge center, from theoretical considerations it follows that the wedge faces should be worked into a spiral form. However, since the wedge faces come together only under pressure when the core is in the expanded position, for most circumstances these faces may be made straight wedges.

In estimating the frictions for designing the angles of the wedges it is to b remcmbored that the total friction of the plunger is about twice that of the friction on the wedge faces only, since whatever pressure the'wedgcs cause against each other causes a practically equal pressure of the plunger against the body member. Hence the angle of the wedges with the line of movement of the plunger should be enough more than twice the angle of friction (for the particular case) to furnish the proportion of relief desired.

lVhen hoisting the core loaded with sand and in moving it around the foundry, the hoisting apparatus is attached to the parts as shown in the drawings, depending upon which end of the core is placed upward. If connected as shown in the drawings, the upper wedge and the parts connected to it (whichever end may be up) will rest on the under wedge and this will keep the core in an expanded position.

When the large end of the core is up, stripping will be accomplished by raising the plunger, when the wedges will be relieved, the front will come loose from the sand, and then the side will come loose, after which the entire core will rise out of the casting. lVhen used with the small end up the flask is hoisted off the core. The casting rises with the flask and the core sand goes up with the casting. If the core does not immediately pull loose, the body sides and front rise with the core sand while the plunger stands on the bottom plate. This relieves the wedge faces of pressure, and, by virtue of the weight of the plunger, th collapsing links draw first the front and then the side away from the sand, at which time the body will break loose also since it is held merely by the clay adhesion; the parts then fallback on the plunger while the flask and casting continue on their journey.

\Vhen the small end of the core is upward, the pressure of the fluid iron tends to keep the core firmly seated on the bottom plate. W hen the large end is up, the contrary occurs, and there is a flotational tendency acting on the core, the amount of which will depend upon the proportions of the core. 'lime-honored foundry practice, such as weighting the core, or securing it to the flask, or fastening it to the drag (bottom plate) may be used at the moment of casting to prevent any actual movement of the core. As shown in the drawings, holes may, be provided in the bottom plate and wedges inserted through them into small pockets made in the lower ring of the body member, and the core thus secured to the bottom plate for th moment of casting.

l Vhen the large end is up to carry the core expanded, the carrying hook must be pushed through the plunger top and on into the place shown on the body member. If the safety lock is then pushed down along side the hook, no separation can occur until :it is first removed.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body; a front piece pivoted to the said body; a side piece pivoted to said body; said body, front, and side pieces beingadapted to be covered with sand; and a controlling member for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation when expanded, said control member being adapted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of'the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn. from a casting.

2. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the core body, a side piece pivoted to the core body, and a controlling member slidably mounted upon the core body for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation when expanded, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn from the casting,

3. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the core body, a side piece likewise pivoted ,to the core body and adapted to cooperate with the front piece, a controlling member, and means carried by the front piece and adapted to coope'ate with the said controlling member to maintain the parts in rigid relation when ex panded, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the crosssection of the core member whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting.

a. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the said core body, a side piece pivoted to the core piece also pivoted to said core body, a controlling member slidably mounted upon said core body and being provided with wedge faces, and wedge faces upon the said front member and adapted to cooperate with the wedge faces on the controlling member to expand thesaid core.

5. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body; a front .piece pivoted to the said body; a side piece 6. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front body, a sidepiece pivoted to the core' body, a controllnig mem ber slidably mounted upon the core body for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation when expanded, and stops to limit the movement of the controlling member,

7 said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of the said core whereby the same may be with drawn from the casting.

7. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the core body, a side piece likewise pivoted to the core body and adapted to cooperate with the front piece, a controlling member, means carried by the front piece and adapted to cooperate with the said controlling member to maintain the parts in rigid relation when expanded, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the crosssection of the core member whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting, and stops to limit the last mentioned movement of the controlling member.

8. A collapsible'core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece. pivoted to the said core body, a side piece also pivoted to said core body, a controlling member slidably mounted upon said core body and being provided with wedge faces, stops to limit the movement of the controlling member, and wedge faces upon the said front member and adapted to cooperate with the wedge faces on the controlling member to expand the said core.

9. A collapsible core for ingot'molds and the like comprising a core body; a front piece pivoted to the said body; a side piece pivoted-to said body; said body, front and side pieces being adapted to be covered with *sand; a controlling member for normally maintaining the partS in rigid relation when expanded, and connecting links be tween said controlling member and the front piece, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the crosssection of the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting.

10. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to'the core body, a side piece pivoted to the core body, a controlling member slidably mounted upon the core body for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation when expanded, and connecting links between the controlling member and the front pieces, said controlling member being adapted to be operatedto reduce the cross-section of the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn from a, casting.

11. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the core body, a side piece likewise pivoted to the core body and adapted to cooperate with the front piece, a controlling member, and means comprising a pair of links carried by the front piece and adapted to cooperate with the said controlling member to maintain the parts in rigid relation when expanded, said controlling member being ad-apted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of the core member whereby the same maybe withdrawn from a casting.

12. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the said body; a side'piece pivoted to said body; said body, front, and

side pieces being adapted to be covered with sand; a controlling member for normally.

maintaining the parts in rigid relation when expanded, connecting links between said controlling member and the front piece, and stops to limit the movement of the control ling member, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the crosssection of the core'whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting.

14. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the core body, a side piece pivoted to the core body, a controlling member slidably mounted upon the core body for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation when expanded, connecting links between the controlling member and the front piece, and stops to limit the movement of the controlling member, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting.

15. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the core body, a side piece likewise pivoted to the core body and adapted to cooperate with the front piece, a controlling member, means comprising a pair of links carried by the front piece and adapted to cooperate with the said controlling member to maintain the parts in rigid relation when expanded, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of the core member whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting, and stops to limit the last-mentioned movement of the controlling member.

16. A collapsible core foringot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the said core body, a side piece also pivoted to said core body, a controlling member slidably mounted upon said core body and being provided with Wedge faces, means connecting the controlling member and the front piece, stops to limit the movement of the controlling member, and wedge faces upon the said front member and adapted to cooperate with the wedge faces on the controlling member to expand the core.

17. A collapsible eore for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body; a front piece pivoted to the said body; a side piece pivoted to said body; said body, front, and side-pieces being adapted to be covered with sand; a controlling member for normally maintaining the parts in rigidrelation when expanded, and stops to limit the movement of the controlling member, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting, the said pivots being arranged in such manner that the hinge joints open when the cross-section is reduced.

18. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the core body, a side piece pivoted to the core body, a controlling member slidably mounted upon the core body for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation when expanded, and stops to limit the movement of the controlling member, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to collapse the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn from the easting, the pivots being arranged in such manner that the hinge joints open when the core is collapsed.

19. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the core body, a side piece likewise pivoted to the core body and adapted to cooperate with the front piece, a controlling member, means carried by the front piece and adapted to cooperate with the said controlling member to maintain the parts in rigid relation when expanded, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to collapse the core member whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting, the said pivots being so arranged that the hinge joints open when the core collapses, and stops to limit the last mentioned movement of the controlling member.

20. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the said core body, a side piece pivoted to said core body, a. controlling member slidably mounted upon said core body and being provided with wedge faces, the pivots for the side and frontpicces being set inside of the walls of the core so that the hinge joints open when the core is collapsed, stops to limit the movement of the controlling member, and wedge faces upon the said front member and adapted to cooperate with the wedge faces on the controlling member to expand the said core.

21. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body; a. front piece pivoted to the said body; a side piece pivoted to said body; said front and side pieces being adapted to be interlocked when the core is expanded, a controlling member for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation when expanded, and connecting links between said controlling member and the front piece, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn from a ast-ing.

A collapsible core for molds and the likecomprising a core body; a front piece pivoted to the said body; a side piece pivoted to said body; and a controlling member for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation when exl'randed, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the cross-section of the said core whereby the same may be witlnlrawn' from a casting, thesaid pivots being arranged in such manner that the hinge joints open when the cross-section is reduced.

23. A collapsible core for molds and the like comprising hinged sides, a controlling member slidably mounted upon one side for normally maintaining the parts in rigid relation w hen expanded, said controlling member being adapted to be operable to collapse the said core whereby the same may be withdrawn from the casting, the pivots for the sides being arranged in such manner that thehinge joints open when the core is collapsed.

24. A collapsible core for molds and the like comprising hinged members, a control ling member, means carried by the hinged members and adapted to cooperate with the said controlling member to maintain the parts in rigid relation when expanded, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to collapse the core member whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting, and pivots for the hinged members being so arranged that the hinge joints open when the core collapses, and stops to limit the last mentioned movement of the controlling member.

25. A collapsible core formolds and the like comprising hinged members, a controlling member slidably mounted upon one of said hinged members, and being provided with wedge faces, the pivots for the hinged members being set inside of the walls of the core so that the hinge oints open when the core is collapsed, stops to limit the movement of the controlling member, and wedge faces upon. one hingedmember and adapted to cooperate with the wedge faces on the controlling member to expand the said core.

26. A collapsible core for molds and the 7 like comprising a core body, pivoted side pieces connected to said core body, controlling means for causing certain of said sides to be moved outwardly to maintain the core expanded and being adapted to be moved inwardly to collapse the core in order to remove same from a casting, the pivots for said sides being set within the walls of the said core in such manner that the hinged joint opens when the core is collapsed to prevent packing of sand in the joints during the collapsing operation.

27. A collapsible core for molds and the like comprising a core body, pivoted side pieces connected to said core body, weightoperated controlling means for causing certain of said sides to be moved outwardly to maintain the core expanded and being adapted to be moved inwardly to collapse the core in order to remove same from a casting, the pivots for said sides being set within the walls of the said core in such manner that the hinged joint opens when the core is collapsed to prevent packing of sand in the joints during the collapsing operation.

28. A collapsible core comprising movable sides, and operating means cooperating with said sides and normally adapted to maintain said core in its expanded relation when said core is standing on either end, and means being provided whereby the core may be lifted vertically without causing said core to collapse.

29. A collapsible core comprising hinged sides, a control member comprising weighted wedges cooperating with said sides and normally adapted to maintain said core in its expanded relation when said core is ment of the control member causes said core to collapse. 7

30. A collapsible core comprising movable ides, the parts being constructed so that the oints between the said sides are located in such manner that when said core is collapsed the joints open, supporting means on the end of the core, and means for operatmg said movable sides to maintain said core expanded by gravity action when the core is standing upright on either end.

31. A collapsible core comprising hinged sldes, pivot members for the said sides and located in such manner that when said core is collapsed the hinge joints open, and means comprising a plurality of wedges for operating said core to maintain said core in expanded or'collapsed condition at the will of the operator.

32. A collapsible core comprising hinged walls, and means operated by gravity for maintaining said core expanded when said core is standing on end. i

33. A collapsible core comprising hinged Walls, and means comprising a plurality of wedges operated by gravity for maintaining sald core expanded when said core is standing on end.

V A collapsible core comprising two relatively movable groups of members, one comprising the walls of the core, and the other comprising a control member, with the two relatively movable in a telescoping relation; the parts being constructed and arranged so that when the control member and the side walls are telescoped the core is expanded and when the parts are in extended position the core is collapsed.

A collapsible core comprising two relatively movable groups of members, one comprising the Walls of the core, and the other comprising a control member, with the two relatively movable in a telescoping relation; the parts being constructed and.

ling member, means comprising a pair of links carried by the front piece and adapted to cooperate with the said controlling memher to maintain the parts in rigid relation when'cxpanded, and means operatively connecting the controlling member and the sid piece, said controlling member being adapted to be operated to reduce the crosssection of the core member whereby the same may be withdrawn from a casting.

37. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the said core body, a side piece also pivoted to said core body, a controlling member slidably mounted upon said core body and being provided with wedge faces, means connecting the controlling member and the front piece, a link connecting the side piece and the controlling member, and wedge faces upon the said front member and adapted to cooperate with the wedge faces on the controlling member to expand the said core.

38. A collapsible core for ingot molds and the like comprising a core body, a front piece pivoted to the said core body, a side piece also pivoted to said core body, a controlling member slidably mounted upon said core body and being provided with Wedge faces, means connecting the controlling member and the front piece, stops to limit the movement of the controlling mem ber, and wedge faces upon the said front member and adapted to cooperate with the wedge faces on the controlling member to expand the core, the front piece and the side piece overlapping whereby the side piece is supported by the front piece.

39. A collapsible core for molds and the like comprising in combination collapsible side members, and means for maintaining said side members in expanded relation, said means being adapted to become ineffective when nredetermined pressure is applied to the said side members.

40. A collapsible core for molds and the like comprising in combination collapsible side members, and means for comprising a wedge bar adapted to sustain compression forces and for maintaining said side mem bers in expanded relation, said means being adapted to become ineffective when predetermined pressure is applied to the said side members.

41. A collapsible core for molds and the like comprising a plurality of hinged side members, means adapted to maintain said side members in expanded relation to Withstand ferrostatic forces, said means being adapted to be rendered ineffective when forces in excess of ferrostatic forces are applied to the said side members whereby said core will collapse under contractional forces produced by solidifying of cast iron around the core. *5

42. A collapsible core for molds and the like comprising a plurality of hinged side members, means comprising a bar adapted to sustain compression forces and adapted to maintain said side members in expanded relation to withstand ferrostatic forces, said means being adapted to be rendered ineffective when forces in excess of ferrostatic forces are applied to the said side members whereby said core will collapse under contractional forces produced by solidifying of cast iron around the core.

43. A core for use in the manufacture of ingot molds and the like, said core comprising a plurality of hinged members, wedges extending between certain of said hinged members and being adapted to normally maintain said core in expanded relation, the faces of said wedges being inclined in such manner that said wed es yield when prede- Eermined forces are applied to said memers.

44. A core for use in the manufacture of ingot molds and the like, said core comprising a plurality of hinged members, means comprising wedges extending between certain of said hinged members and being adapted to normally maintain said core in expanded relation, said means being constructed in such manner that said wedges yield when predetermined forces are applied to said members.

45. A core for use in the manufacture of ingot molds and the like comprising a plurality of hinged members, a weighted wedge extending between certain of said members and being adapted to maintain said members in expanded relation, the face of said wedge being inclined in such manner that said wedge Will yield when predetermined forces are applied at substantially right angles to the said hinged members.

RAY G. COATES.

copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. 

